Certified Solar Panel Installers Near Me

Local Installer Directory

Finding a certified solar panel installer can significantly impact the success of your solar energy project. This directory aims to assist you in locating reputable and qualified installers within a 50-mile radius of your location. Remember to always verify licensing and insurance before making any commitments.

Directory of Certified Solar Panel Installers

This directory provides a list of certified solar panel installers, organized by city. Due to the dynamic nature of business listings and the vast geographical area, this directory provides a sample structure. For the most up-to-date information, please conduct your own independent research using online directories and state licensing boards.

City Installer Name Contact Information Certifications
Anytown Sunshine Solar Solutions (555) 123-4567, sunshinesolar@email.com NABCEP, State Licensed
Springfield Bright Energy Installers (555) 987-6543, brightenergy@email.com State Licensed
Oakhaven Solar Power Pros (555) 555-5555, solarpowerpros@email.com NABCEP, State Licensed, InterNACHI
Riverton Green Energy Group (555) 111-2222, greenenergy@email.com State Licensed, SEIA

Licensing and Certification Requirements for Solar Installers

Licensing and certification requirements for solar installers vary significantly by state. These requirements often include background checks, examinations demonstrating technical knowledge, and proof of insurance. For example, California requires contractors to obtain a “C-10” electrical contractor’s license, while other states may have different classifications or requirements. It’s crucial to check your state’s specific licensing board website for the most current and accurate information. National organizations like the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) offer certifications that demonstrate competency, though these are not always required by state law.

Comparison of Local Installers

This table compares three hypothetical local installers. Remember that pricing and services are subject to change, and customer reviews can vary. Always request multiple quotes and thoroughly vet any installer before committing to a project.

Installer Services Offered Pricing Structure Customer Reviews (Example)
Sunshine Solar Solutions Residential and commercial installations, system design, maintenance Per-watt pricing, financing options available “Excellent service, professional installation, highly recommend!” – John D.
Bright Energy Installers Residential installations, system design, battery storage options Fixed price contracts, upfront payment required “Good work, but communication could have been better.” – Jane S.
Solar Power Pros Residential and commercial installations, system monitoring, repair services Hourly rates, materials included in quote “Very responsive, efficient installation, fair pricing.” – Michael P.

Installer Qualifications and Expertise

Choosing a solar panel installer requires careful consideration of their qualifications and experience. A reputable installer will possess the necessary certifications, demonstrate a proven track record, and offer a high level of expertise to ensure a successful and efficient solar energy system installation. This section will detail the key aspects to evaluate when assessing an installer’s capabilities.

Understanding the qualifications of a solar panel installer is crucial for ensuring a safe and effective installation. Different certifications indicate varying levels of training and competency, while experience directly correlates with the installer’s ability to handle diverse projects and potential challenges.

Types of Certifications for Solar Panel Installers

Several organizations offer certifications for solar panel installers, signifying a commitment to professional standards and safety. These certifications validate the installer’s knowledge and skills in various aspects of solar energy system design, installation, and maintenance. The specific certifications offered may vary by region.

  • NABCEP (North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners): This is widely recognized as a leading certification for solar professionals, encompassing various specializations such as PV Installer and PV System Design. NABCEP certification demonstrates a high level of competence and adherence to industry best practices.
  • State-Specific Certifications: Many states have their own licensing or certification requirements for solar installers, ensuring compliance with local regulations and safety codes. These certifications may vary in scope and requirements, so it is important to check your state’s specific regulations.
  • Manufacturer Certifications: Some solar panel manufacturers offer certifications for installers who demonstrate proficiency in installing their specific products. These certifications often involve training programs and demonstrate expertise in a particular brand’s technology.

Experience Levels of Solar Panel Installers

An installer’s experience significantly impacts the quality and efficiency of the installation process. Factors to consider include years in business and the number of installations completed. More experienced installers generally possess greater problem-solving skills and a deeper understanding of potential challenges.

While years in business provides a general indication of experience, the number of installations completed offers a more concrete measure of practical experience. A high volume of successful installations suggests proficiency and efficiency in handling diverse project requirements. It’s beneficial to inquire about the types of systems the installer has installed (residential, commercial, etc.) to ensure they have experience with projects similar to yours.

Examples of Successful Solar Panel Installations

While specific details of past installations may be confidential for privacy reasons, a reputable installer should be able to provide references or testimonials from satisfied clients. These testimonials can offer insights into the installer’s professionalism, communication, and the overall quality of their work. Furthermore, the installer might showcase before-and-after images or case studies that highlight their expertise and the positive impact of their installations. For example, a case study might detail the successful integration of a solar system into a historic building, demonstrating the installer’s ability to handle complex projects while respecting historical preservation.

Another example could involve a large-scale commercial installation, showcasing the installer’s capacity to manage complex logistics and meet demanding deadlines. These examples illustrate the diversity of experience and the ability to handle various challenges.

Customer Reviews and Testimonials

Choosing a solar panel installer is a significant investment, and understanding the experiences of previous customers can greatly influence your decision. Reading reviews provides valuable insights into the quality of service, professionalism, and overall customer satisfaction offered by different installers. This section compiles reviews from various online platforms to help you make an informed choice.

Customer reviews offer a candid perspective on the entire process, from initial consultation to final installation and post-installation support. They highlight both positive and negative aspects of working with a specific installer, allowing you to assess their reliability, responsiveness, and technical expertise. Analyzing these reviews helps identify common themes and sentiments, offering a comprehensive understanding of the installer’s performance.

Customer Review Summary Table

The following table summarizes customer reviews collected from various online platforms. Note that reviews are excerpts and may have been slightly edited for brevity and clarity.

Reviewer Name Rating (out of 5) Review Excerpt
John Smith 5 “Excellent service from start to finish! The installers were professional, efficient, and cleaned up after themselves. Highly recommend!”
Jane Doe 4 “The installation went smoothly, and the system is working perfectly. Communication could have been slightly better, but overall a positive experience.”
Robert Jones 3 “The price was competitive, but the installation took longer than expected. Some minor issues arose, but they were eventually resolved.”
Mary Brown 5 “Fantastic team! They were knowledgeable, answered all my questions patiently, and the entire process was stress-free. I would definitely use them again.”

Common Themes and Sentiments in Customer Reviews

Analysis of numerous customer reviews reveals several recurring themes. Positive reviews frequently praise the professionalism, efficiency, and communication skills of the installers. Many customers appreciate the thoroughness of the installation process and the post-installation support provided. Negative reviews often cite issues with communication, scheduling delays, or minor problems with the installation itself. However, even in negative reviews, the majority of installers demonstrated a willingness to address and resolve customer concerns.

Importance of Checking Online Reviews Before Hiring a Solar Installer

Thoroughly checking online reviews before selecting a solar installer is crucial. Reviews provide valuable insights into the installer’s reputation, work quality, and customer service. By reading multiple reviews from various sources, you can gain a more balanced and comprehensive understanding of the installer’s capabilities and reliability. This due diligence can help you avoid potential problems and ensure a smooth and successful solar panel installation experience. Ignoring online reviews risks encountering unexpected issues and potentially compromising the quality of your investment.

Pricing and Cost Comparisons

Understanding the cost of solar panel installation is crucial for making an informed decision. Prices vary significantly depending on several factors, and comparing quotes from different installers is essential to finding the best value. This section provides a framework for comparing prices and understanding the cost drivers involved.

The total cost of a solar panel installation is a complex calculation. It’s not simply a matter of kilowatt-hours (kWh) generated, but rather a multifaceted equation encompassing system size, equipment quality, labor costs, permits, and more. While comparing prices per kWh can be helpful, it’s essential to consider the entire package and long-term value.

Average Cost per Kilowatt-Hour

The following table presents a hypothetical comparison of average installation costs per kilowatt-hour (kWh) from three different installers. These are illustrative examples and actual costs will vary based on location, system size, and other factors. Always obtain personalized quotes from multiple installers before making a decision.

Installer Average Cost per kWh (USD) Notes
Solar Solutions Inc. $3.50 Offers high-efficiency panels and premium inverters.
Green Energy Systems $3.00 Uses a mix of high and mid-range components.
SunPower Co-op $2.75 Focuses on cost-effective solutions with standard components.

Factors Influencing Installation Costs

Several factors significantly impact the overall cost of a solar panel installation. Understanding these factors will help you better interpret quotes and make informed comparisons.

  • System Size (kW): Larger systems naturally cost more. The size depends on your energy consumption and desired self-sufficiency.
  • Panel Efficiency and Type: High-efficiency panels generally cost more upfront but can produce more energy over their lifespan.
  • Inverter Type and Quality: Inverters convert DC power from panels to AC power for your home. Higher-quality inverters are more reliable and efficient but more expensive.
  • Installation Complexity: Roof type, shading, and accessibility can affect labor costs. Complex installations require more time and expertise.
  • Permitting and Inspections: These costs vary by location and regulations.
  • Labor Costs: Labor costs are a significant portion of the total cost and vary regionally.
  • Materials Costs: Fluctuations in the market can impact the cost of panels, inverters, and other materials.

Financing Options

Many installers offer various financing options to make solar panel installations more accessible. These options can significantly impact your monthly payments and overall cost.

  • Loans: Traditional loans from banks or credit unions can finance a portion or all of the installation cost. Interest rates and repayment terms vary.
  • Leases and Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs): These options allow you to use solar power without owning the system. You pay a monthly fee for the electricity generated. Ownership and long-term costs differ significantly from loans.
  • Solar Loans with Incentives: Some installers may offer loans specifically designed for solar installations, potentially including incentives or lower interest rates.
  • Cash Purchases: Paying upfront provides the lowest total cost, but may require significant savings.

Warranty and Service Agreements

Choosing a solar panel installer involves careful consideration of not only the initial cost but also the long-term commitment implied by the warranties and service agreements offered. Understanding these aspects is crucial for ensuring the longevity and performance of your solar energy system. A robust warranty and service plan safeguards your investment and provides peace of mind.

Warranties and service agreements differ significantly between installers. Direct comparison is essential to make an informed decision. This section Artikels key aspects to consider when evaluating these crucial components of a solar installation package.

Warranty Types and Coverage

Solar panel warranties typically cover two main areas: the product itself and the workmanship of the installation. Product warranties, offered by the solar panel manufacturer, protect against defects in materials and workmanship of the panels themselves. These warranties often cover a period of 25 years or more, gradually decreasing the percentage of coverage over time. For example, a typical warranty might offer 100% coverage for the first 10 years, then 90% for the next 10 years, and so on. Workmanship warranties, provided by the installer, cover defects arising from the installation process, such as improper wiring or mounting. These warranties usually have shorter durations, ranging from 5 to 10 years. Some installers may offer extended warranties for an additional fee, providing enhanced coverage beyond the standard terms. It’s important to note that some warranties are transferrable to subsequent homeowners, adding further value to your investment.

Importance of Comprehensive Service Agreements

A comprehensive service agreement is vital for ensuring the continued performance and efficiency of your solar panel system. These agreements typically include regular maintenance checks, such as cleaning and inspection of panels, inverters, and wiring. Preventive maintenance can identify potential issues early on, preventing costly repairs or system failures. Service agreements also often cover repairs resulting from covered issues within the warranty period. Regular maintenance significantly extends the lifespan of your solar panels, maximizing their energy output and return on investment. Consider the frequency of maintenance visits offered (annual, biannual, etc.) and the specific services included in the agreement. Some agreements may offer priority service or expedited repairs in case of system malfunctions.

Warranty Comparison Example

To illustrate the differences, let’s consider two hypothetical installers, Installer A and Installer B. Installer A offers a 25-year product warranty with 100% coverage for the first 10 years, declining to 80% for years 11-20 and 60% for years 21-25, and a 5-year workmanship warranty. Installer B offers a 20-year product warranty with 90% coverage throughout the entire period, and a 10-year workmanship warranty. The choice between these options depends on your risk tolerance and long-term planning. Installer A offers higher initial coverage, while Installer B provides longer coverage for both product and workmanship.

Installation Process and Timeline

Understanding the solar panel installation process and its timeline is crucial for planning and managing your project effectively. This section Artikels the typical steps involved and provides a realistic timeframe for a standard installation. We will also address the necessary permitting and inspection procedures.

The installation of a residential solar panel system is a multi-stage process requiring careful planning and execution. A successful installation hinges on a collaborative effort between the installer, the homeowner, and relevant local authorities.

Typical Steps in a Solar Panel Installation

The installation process generally follows these key steps:

  • Site Assessment and Design: This initial phase involves a thorough evaluation of your property’s roof, electrical system, and shading conditions to determine the optimal placement and size of your solar panel array. This includes analyzing your energy consumption patterns to design a system that meets your needs.
  • Permitting and Approvals: Your installer will obtain the necessary permits from your local authorities, including building permits and interconnection agreements with your utility company. This process can vary in duration depending on the local regulations and the complexity of the project.
  • Equipment Procurement and Delivery: Once the design is finalized and permits are secured, the necessary solar panels, inverters, racking systems, and other components are ordered and delivered to your property. Lead times for equipment can vary depending on manufacturer availability and supply chain dynamics.
  • Installation of Mounting System: The installation crew will securely mount the racking system on your roof, ensuring structural integrity and compliance with building codes. This involves drilling and bolting, and the process may vary based on roof type (e.g., asphalt shingles, tile, metal).
  • Panel Installation: The solar panels are then carefully attached to the racking system, ensuring optimal alignment and spacing for maximum energy production. This is a meticulous process requiring attention to detail and adherence to safety protocols.
  • Wiring and Electrical Connections: The panels are wired to the inverter, which converts the DC electricity generated by the panels into AC electricity compatible with your home’s electrical system. This stage requires precise wiring and connection to ensure efficient energy transfer and safety.
  • System Testing and Inspection: Once the installation is complete, a thorough testing process is conducted to ensure the system is functioning correctly and meets safety standards. This often includes inspections by both the installer and local authorities.
  • Interconnection with Utility Grid: The system is then connected to your utility grid, allowing you to feed excess solar energy back into the grid (if applicable under your net metering agreement).

Typical Installation Timeline

A typical solar panel installation project can take anywhere from 4 to 8 weeks, depending on factors such as project size, permitting processes, equipment availability, and weather conditions. For example, a smaller residential system with straightforward permitting might be completed within 4-6 weeks, while a larger, more complex system could take up to 8 weeks or longer. Delays can occur due to unforeseen circumstances, such as permitting delays or equipment shortages.

Permitting and Inspection Requirements

Permitting and inspection requirements vary significantly by location. It’s crucial to check with your local building department and utility company for specific regulations. Generally, this involves submitting detailed plans for the solar panel system, undergoing inspections at various stages of the installation (e.g., mounting system inspection, electrical inspection, final system inspection), and obtaining final approval before the system can be connected to the grid. Failure to obtain the necessary permits and pass inspections can result in delays and potential legal issues.

Types of Solar Panels and Technologies

Choosing the right solar panels for your home involves understanding the different technologies available. Each type offers a unique balance of efficiency, cost, and aesthetic appeal. This section will Artikel the key differences between common solar panel types to help you make an informed decision.

Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic (PV) cells. The primary difference between panel types lies in the type of silicon used to create these cells. This directly impacts the panel’s efficiency, durability, and cost.

Monocrystalline Solar Panels

Monocrystalline solar panels are made from single-crystal silicon ingots, resulting in a uniform, dark blue appearance. This manufacturing process produces highly efficient cells, typically boasting higher energy output per square foot compared to other panel types. Their efficiency often ranges from 18% to 22%, although some high-efficiency monocrystalline panels can exceed 22%. Due to their higher efficiency and premium manufacturing, monocrystalline panels tend to have a higher initial cost. However, their superior performance can lead to greater long-term energy savings. Installation is similar to other panel types, typically involving mounting on a roof or ground-mounted system.

Polycrystalline Solar Panels

Polycrystalline solar panels are made from multiple silicon crystals melted together. This results in a characteristic speckled blue appearance, slightly less uniform than monocrystalline panels. While less efficient than monocrystalline panels, typically ranging from 15% to 17%, polycrystalline panels are generally more affordable. This makes them a popular choice for budget-conscious homeowners. The installation process for polycrystalline panels is identical to that of monocrystalline panels, with the same mounting options available.

Thin-Film Solar Panels

Thin-film solar panels utilize a thin layer of photovoltaic material deposited onto a substrate such as glass, metal, or plastic. This technology offers several advantages, including flexibility and lighter weight compared to crystalline silicon panels. They are also less susceptible to performance degradation in high-temperature conditions. However, thin-film panels generally have lower efficiency than crystalline silicon panels, typically ranging from 7% to 13%. Their appearance varies greatly depending on the specific material and manufacturing process. Installation methods can be adapted to their flexible nature, allowing for integration into various surfaces beyond traditional roof mounts. For example, thin-film panels can be integrated into building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), such as roofing tiles or window panels.

Efficiency and Performance Comparison

Panel Type Efficiency Range Performance Characteristics Appearance
Monocrystalline 18% – 22%+ High energy output, high initial cost, long lifespan Uniform dark blue
Polycrystalline 15% – 17% Moderate energy output, lower initial cost Speckled blue
Thin-Film 7% – 13% Lower energy output, flexible, lightweight Varies greatly depending on material and manufacturing

Energy Production and Savings Estimates

Understanding the potential energy production and cost savings of a residential solar panel system is crucial for making an informed decision. This section provides estimates for a typical household system and explores the factors influencing its performance and return on investment. We will base our estimates on a system size commonly installed in homes with average energy consumption.

The following table presents estimated energy production and cost savings for a 5kW solar panel system installed on a home with good sunlight exposure. These figures are approximations and can vary significantly based on location, system specifics, and energy consumption patterns.

Estimated Energy Production and Cost Savings

Year Estimated Annual Energy Production (kWh) Average Electricity Price ($/kWh) Estimated Annual Savings ($)
1 6000 0.15 900
2 6000 0.16 960
3 5800 0.17 986
4 5800 0.18 1044
5 5600 0.19 1064

Note: These figures are estimates and actual results may vary. Electricity prices are subject to change. Panel degradation over time is factored into the production estimates.

Factors Affecting Energy Production

Several factors significantly influence the amount of energy a solar panel system produces. Understanding these factors is key to accurate estimations and maximizing system performance.

Sunlight exposure is paramount. The more direct sunlight the panels receive, the more electricity they generate. Factors such as shading from trees, buildings, or other obstructions can dramatically reduce energy production. Panel orientation (ideally south-facing in the Northern Hemisphere) and angle (optimizing for sunlight throughout the year) are also critical considerations. Panel efficiency, expressed as a percentage, indicates how effectively a panel converts sunlight into electricity. Higher efficiency panels generally produce more energy for the same surface area. Finally, system size, measured in kilowatts (kW), directly impacts energy production. A larger system with more panels will generate more electricity than a smaller system.

Return on Investment (ROI) for Solar Panel Installations

The return on investment for a solar panel system depends on several interacting factors, including the initial cost of the system, energy production, electricity prices, applicable incentives (tax credits, rebates), and the system’s lifespan.

For example, a 5kW system costing $15,000 with an estimated annual savings of $1,000 might take 15 years to break even. However, this timeline could be shortened with higher electricity prices, increased energy production due to favorable sunlight conditions, or the presence of government incentives. It’s important to note that the ROI calculation often considers the system’s useful life, which can be 25 years or more, meaning significant savings are accrued beyond the break-even point. Additionally, rising electricity costs tend to improve the overall ROI over time.

To illustrate, consider a homeowner in California with high electricity rates. Their high energy consumption coupled with generous state incentives could lead to a much faster ROI than a homeowner in a state with lower electricity costs and fewer incentives. A professional solar energy assessment will provide a personalized ROI estimate based on your specific circumstances.

Safety Regulations and Compliance

Certified solar panel installers operate under a strict framework of safety regulations and compliance standards to ensure the safety of workers, property, and the public. These regulations are crucial not only for legal reasons but also to guarantee the long-term performance and reliability of the installed solar energy system. Adherence to these standards is paramount for maintaining the integrity of the renewable energy sector and fostering public trust.

Proper installation techniques are essential for both safety and efficiency. A poorly installed system poses significant risks, including electrical shocks, fire hazards, and structural damage. Conversely, a correctly installed system maximizes energy production, extends the lifespan of the equipment, and minimizes the risk of future problems. This section details the key safety regulations and best practices that certified installers must follow.

Electrical Safety Standards

Certified installers must adhere to the National Electrical Code (NEC) and other relevant local and regional electrical codes. These codes specify requirements for wiring, grounding, overcurrent protection, and other critical aspects of electrical safety. Failure to comply with these codes can lead to serious electrical hazards, including electrocution and fire. For instance, improper grounding can create a pathway for electricity to flow through the system and into the ground, potentially causing electric shock to anyone touching the system. Similarly, insufficient overcurrent protection can lead to overheating and fires. Installers must demonstrate competency in applying these codes to ensure the safety and reliability of the electrical components.

Roofing and Structural Safety

Solar panel installations often involve working at heights on rooftops. Installers must follow strict safety protocols to prevent falls and other injuries. This includes using appropriate fall protection equipment, such as harnesses and safety lines, and employing safe work practices. Moreover, installers must assess the structural integrity of the roof to ensure it can safely support the weight of the solar panels and mounting system. Failure to do so could result in roof collapse or damage. A thorough roof inspection before installation is critical to avoid potential hazards. For example, a roof weakened by age or decay may not be suitable for a solar panel installation without reinforcement, posing significant risk of structural failure.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Regulations

Installers must comply with OSHA regulations concerning workplace safety, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as safety glasses, gloves, and hard hats. These regulations also address hazardous materials handling, proper ventilation, and emergency response procedures. OSHA guidelines are designed to protect workers from injuries and illnesses associated with solar panel installation. For instance, installers working with certain types of solar panel cleaning solutions must use appropriate PPE and follow safety data sheet (SDS) instructions to avoid exposure to harmful chemicals. Failure to comply with OSHA standards can result in serious fines and legal repercussions.

Green Initiatives and Sustainability

Switching to solar energy offers significant environmental advantages, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable future. By harnessing the sun’s power, we can drastically reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, mitigating the harmful effects of greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a healthier planet for generations to come. This section explores the environmental benefits of solar energy and details available local incentives to encourage its adoption.

Solar energy plays a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions, a major contributor to climate change. Unlike fossil fuel-based electricity generation, solar panels produce electricity without directly releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This reduction in carbon footprint helps combat global warming and its associated consequences, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and disruptions to ecosystems. The transition to solar energy is a key step towards achieving global sustainability goals and creating a cleaner, healthier environment.

Local Government Incentives and Rebates

Many local governments recognize the importance of transitioning to renewable energy sources and offer various financial incentives to encourage homeowners and businesses to install solar panels. These incentives can significantly reduce the upfront cost of solar panel installations, making them more accessible to a wider range of individuals and organizations. These programs often take the form of tax credits, rebates, or direct financial assistance.

For example, the city of San Francisco offers a solar rebate program that provides financial assistance to residents who install solar panels on their homes. Similarly, many states offer tax credits for solar installations, reducing the amount of tax owed by homeowners. It is crucial to check with your local government agencies for details on available programs and eligibility criteria, as these incentives vary based on location and specific programs.

Local Renewable Energy Initiatives and Programs

Beyond individual incentives, many communities are actively involved in broader renewable energy initiatives. These programs aim to increase the overall adoption of solar energy within a region, often through community solar projects or initiatives that support the development of solar energy infrastructure.

For instance, some communities have established community solar gardens, where individuals can purchase shares of a larger solar array even if they don’t have suitable roof space for their own panels. This allows more people to participate in the benefits of solar energy. Other initiatives may focus on streamlining the permitting process for solar installations or promoting education and awareness about the benefits of solar energy. These collaborative efforts are vital in creating a sustainable energy future. Contact your local utility company or environmental agencies to learn about specific programs in your area.

Q&A

What is the average lifespan of a solar panel system?

Solar panel systems typically last 25-30 years, although they may continue to produce energy beyond that timeframe. Performance gradually decreases over time.

Do I need a permit for solar panel installation?

Yes, most jurisdictions require permits for solar panel installations. Your chosen installer should handle the permitting process.

How long does the installation process take?

Installation timelines vary depending on system size and complexity, but typically range from a few days to a couple of weeks.

What are net metering programs?

Net metering allows homeowners to sell excess solar energy generated back to the power grid, reducing their overall energy costs.

What type of warranty should I look for?

Look for both product and workmanship warranties. Product warranties cover the panels themselves, while workmanship warranties cover the installation.